GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) 21¿N EPR Hydrothermal Vents 20 Ca       11 20     Bowers & Taylor 1985 Galapagos Hydrothermal Vents 20 Ca       10.31 11     Edmond et al. 1979 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca   0.9         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites   Ca/Al   0.99           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Marine Apatites 20 Ca       53.4 55.3   wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca       3.5 7   wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 20 Ca   2.52         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ca/Al   1.18           McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca   3.6         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al   1.09           McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca   2.2         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al   1.35           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca       0.4 1.4   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9320   279.6       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9320   279.6       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 Wolf & Palme 2001 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9280           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9280   659     15 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9020         12 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9020         12 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Basalts 20 Ca 9.98         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Kamchatka Basalt 20 Ca 9.96         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 20 Ca 9.93         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mafic Intrusions 20 Ca 9.92         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 9.88   0.355     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascade Basalt 20 Ca 9.86         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca 9.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 20 Ca 9.8             Grossman et al. 1985 Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 9.77 10.36       350 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Mafic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 9.72 9.99       101 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Chondrules 20 Ca 9.7           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Basalts 20 Ca 9.68         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Honshu Basalt 20 Ca 9.68         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts 20 Ca 9.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Gabbros 20 Ca 9.58         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Greater Antilles Basalt 20 Ca 9.57         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Y-791491 Lodranite 20 Ca 9.51             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Continental Shields & Platforms 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Basalts 20 Ca 9.47         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mafic Granulites 20 Ca 9.45         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Norites 20 Ca 9.41         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Websterites 20 Ca 9.34         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 9.31 9.7       95 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 META 78008 Urelite 20 Ca 9.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9.3             Grossman et al. 1985 Dolerites 20 Ca 9.24         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 9.2 8.8       48 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tephrites 20 Ca 9.18         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Gibson Lodranite 20 Ca 9.15             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Basalts 20 Ca 9.09         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Amphibolites 20 Ca 9.07         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 20 Ca 9.06         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 East Sunda Trench 20 Ca 9.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sediments 20 Ca 9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Itchen River 20 Ca 85             Measures & Burton 1978 Oceanic Crust 20 Ca 84600           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Congo River Particulates 20 Ca 8400           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Meon River 20 Ca 84             Measures & Burton 1978 Hamble River 20 Ca 83             Measures & Burton 1978 Test River 20 Ca 83             Measures & Burton 1978 Test River 20 Ca 82             Measures & Burton 1978 Oceanic Crust 20 Ca 80600           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Andesites 20 Ca 8.98         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Basic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 8.91         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Diabases 20 Ca 8.9         370 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 20 Ca 8.88         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Andes Basalt 20 Ca 8.8         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.8   0.88       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Basalts 20 Ca 8.74         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 20 Ca 8.7           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 8.69         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 20 Ca 8.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 DSDP/ODP Site 800 20 Ca 8.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 8.5             Edmond et al. 1979 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Basalts 20 Ca 8.48         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Boninites 20 Ca 8.35         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 IAB Udei Station 20 Ca 8.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Kimberlite 20 Ca 8.3         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 8.3         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Leucitic Basalt 20 Ca 8.16           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 Basalts 20 Ca 8.15         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.14   0.814       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 QUE 94201 Meteorite 20 Ca 8.14   0.01         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 20 Ca 8.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b Winonaite Tierra Blanca 20 Ca 8.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.09   0.809       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Active Continental Rifts 20 Ca 8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 20 Ca 8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ibitira Eucrite 20 Ca 78.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Angrite LEW 87051 20 Ca 77.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Stannern Eucrite 20 Ca 76.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 20 Ca 74             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Sioux County Eucrite 20 Ca 73.98             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Macibini Eucrites 20 Ca 71.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Y-74450 Eucrites 20 Ca 71.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 7.99         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 7.93           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Hawaiites 20 Ca 7.91         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachybasalts 20 Ca 7.9         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Green Clay 20 Ca 7.76         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 7.58           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Vega 2 20 Ca 7.5   0.7       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Kimberlite 20 Ca 7.49         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 7.41           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Solid Mars 20 Ca 7.4   0.7       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 7.4           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Makran Trench 20 Ca 7.37           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 20 Ca 7.35         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 7.35   0.735       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Island Arc Andesite 20 Ca 7.32         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 7.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 ALHA 77257 Urelite 20 Ca 7.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 7.3           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Basalts 20 Ca 7.28         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Vanuatu Trench 20 Ca 7.26           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 20 Ca 7.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Arc Andesite 20 Ca 7.2         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 20 Ca 7.2           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Andesites 20 Ca 7.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Venera 13 Rocks 20 Ca 7.1   0.96       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 MAC 88177 Lodranite 20 Ca 7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Moore County Eucrite 20 Ca 67             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Serra De Mage Eucrite 20 Ca 64.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Solar System 20 Ca 62500             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 20 Ca 61100   4340     15   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 20 Ca 61100   4338.1     15   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Petersburg Eucrites 20 Ca 60.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 ALHA 81101 Urelite 20 Ca 6.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 6.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Kimberlite 20 Ca 6.9         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.86   0.686       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Shergotty Meteorite 20 Ca 6.86   0.39         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Andesites 20 Ca 6.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.79         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mavic Volcanics 20 Ca 6.76         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Shields & Platforms 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.63   0.663       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 6.62   0.662       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 6.61           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Solar System 20 Ca 6.6           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 6.6           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diorites 20 Ca 6.58         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.56   0.656       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.51           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Komatiites 20 Ca 6.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.46   0.08         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.46   0.06         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 6.46           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.43   0.2         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Meyer 1985 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Moon 20 Ca 6.4           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Comet Halley 20 Ca 6.38   0.11         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Solar Photosphere 20 Ca 6.36   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 20 Ca 6.36   0.02         Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 6.33   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar System 20 Ca 6.33   0.3165         Palme & Jones 2004 Andesites 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 6.3   0.033     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 6.2 6.1       106 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 6.15         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Mugearites 20 Ca 6.14         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Igneous Rocks 20 Ca 6.13         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 20 Ca 6.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.09   0.609       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Intermediate Granulites 20 Ca 6.07         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.07           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 6.03   0.603       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Active Continental Rifts 20 Ca 6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Mekong River Particulates 20 Ca 5900           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Parana River Particulates 20 Ca 5900           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Malvern Howardites 20 Ca 58             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.7             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.8             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.7             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.6             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.7             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.4             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 55             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.6             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.4             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.3             Condie 1993 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 20 Ca 52.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Estherville Mesosiderite 20 Ca 52             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Inner Blake Plateau Phosphorites 20 Ca 51.3           wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 20 Ca 50         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Subducted Sediment 20 Ca 5.95   1.75       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 20 Ca 5.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Andean Andesites 20 Ca 5.9           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Mars Soil 20 Ca 5.9   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 5.9         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 5.89           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.88   0.3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.86   0.27         McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Paleozoic Orogens 20 Ca 5.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.75             McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 5.7 5.9       132 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 5.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Archean Lower Crust 20 Ca 5.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Granulites 20 Ca 5.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 IAB Campo del Cielo 20 Ca 5.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.46   0.51         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ferruginous Clay 20 Ca 5.45         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.45           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 5.43           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Tonalites 20 Ca 5.42         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Island Arcs 20 Ca 5.36           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Diorite 20 Ca 5.33         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lherzolites 20 Ca 5.32         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Izu-Bonin Trench 20 Ca 5.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 5.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.29           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.29           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25   0.01       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 5.22           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Volcanoclastic Sediment 20 Ca 5.22         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.2           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 5.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 5.2         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shalka Diogenite 20 Ca 5.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 5.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Orangeite 20 Ca 5.16         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 5.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 5.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 EET 84302 Acapulcoite 20 Ca 5.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Island Arcs 20 Ca 5.1         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Granulites 20 Ca 5.07 3.78       661 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Peridotites 20 Ca 5.05         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Marianas Trench 20 Ca 5.04           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 East China Craton 20 Ca 5.03           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 48600           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Danube River Particulates 20 Ca 45000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Seawater 20 Ca 448000000             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Miles IIE Iron 20 Ca 44.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 20 Ca 44.62         20 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Carbonate 20 Ca 44.5         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 20 Ca 44         61 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 20 Ca 43.77         41 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Seawater 20 Ca 420000           ppb Li 1982 Mincy Mesosiderite 20 Ca 42.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Oceans Surface water 20 Ca 417.6           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Seawater 20 Ca 415           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Oceans Deep water 20 Ca 413.6           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Seawater 20 Ca 412           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Barea Mesosiderite 20 Ca 41.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Binda Eucrite 20 Ca 41.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Continental Crust 20 Ca 40370           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Nile River Particulates 20 Ca 40000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.99           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Trachyandesites 20 Ca 4.96         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.93           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 4.93         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 4.93         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 4.9           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Tonalites 20 Ca 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites 20 Ca 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.88           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 20 Ca 4.85 2.57 10.14     273   Pearson et al. 2004 East China Craton 20 Ca 4.83           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 4.82           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Turbidites 20 Ca 4.77         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.71           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Olivine Chondrules 20 Ca 4.7     2.7 8.3 3 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Ashy Clay 20 Ca 4.68         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.66           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 4.66   0.063     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.63           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Metafelsic Volcanics 20 Ca 4.62         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Gabbros 20 Ca 4.58           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Granulites 20 Ca 4.57 3.49       593 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.54           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 4.43           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 4.42           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 20 Ca 4.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.4           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Australian Granite 20 Ca 4.36         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.36           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.36           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Latites 20 Ca 4.34         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Dacites 20 Ca 4.32         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 4.25           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.22           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Monzonites 20 Ca 4.17         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Alaska Trench 20 Ca 4.16           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 4.16           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 4.13           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Precambrian Canadian Shield 20 Ca 4.12           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Vinogradov 1962 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Rivers 20 Ca 375             Edmond et al. 1979 Kapoeta Howardites 20 Ca 37.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 MacKenzie River Particulates 20 Ca 35800           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Colorado River Particulates 20 Ca 34000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Central America Trench 20 Ca 34.59           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 20 Ca 34.45         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Niger River Particulates 20 Ca 3300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 320000           ppm Li 1982 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Carbonate Turbidites 20 Ca 32.2         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 20 Ca 31.13         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Orinoco River Particulates 20 Ca 3000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Miles IIE Iron 20 Ca 30.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 3.97         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.94           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andaman Trench 20 Ca 3.92           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nankai Trench 20 Ca 3.92           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 3.92         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 3.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Rogers 1978 Felsic Granulites 20 Ca 3.88         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Metamorphic Rocks 20 Ca 3.88           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.85           wt% Wedepohl 1995 Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.83           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.83         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Early Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.81           wt%ox Condie 1993 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 3.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Late Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Paleozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.7           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 3.65           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.65   0.31       wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 20 Ca 3.63           wt%ox Condie 1993 Rhyodacites 20 Ca 3.62         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 3.6           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59   0.2       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Late Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.58           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.55           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Syenites 20 Ca 3.53         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.52           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.52         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Early Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.51           wt%ox Condie 1993 Depleted Mantle 20 Ca 3.5   0.035       wt%ox Salters & Stracke 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Xenolites 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.49           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.48           wt%ox Condie 1993 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 3.48         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Aleutian Trench 20 Ca 3.41           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Goldschmidt 1933 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.4           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 3.38         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Paleozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.36           wt%ox Condie 1993 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 3.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Post-Archean Terrrains 20 Ca 3.3           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.3           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.27           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.232           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Turbidites 20 Ca 3.23         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Low Si-Mg Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Archean Amphibolites 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Periodotite Massifs 20 Ca 3.2           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Mantle 20 Ca 3.19           wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 20 Ca 3.19     2.92 3.66   wt% Walter 2004 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.19         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.18           wt%ox Condie 1993 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 3.18           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Depleted D-MORB basalts 20 Ca 3.17           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.17           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sumatra Trench 20 Ca 3.16           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.15           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.1           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.1           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Ringwood 1979 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.078           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Australian Granite 20 Ca 3.07         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Hydrothermal Sediment 20 Ca 3         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mantle 20 Ca 3           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Metalliferous Clay 20 Ca 3         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 29450           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Colombia Trench 20 Ca 28.33           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 28             Measures & Burton 1978 Melitite-rich Chondrules 20 Ca 27.7     23.3 33.3 10 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Ganges River Particulates 20 Ca 26500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 26100   2088       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Veramin Mesosiderite 20 Ca 26.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Frankfort Howardites 20 Ca 26             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Peru Trench 20 Ca 24.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Stony Meteorites 20 Ca 24             Herzog 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 23110           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Manganese Nodules 20 Ca 23000           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 St. Lawrence River Particulates 20 Ca 23000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Silicified Limestone 20 Ca 23.45           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 22.9           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 River Particulates 20 Ca 21500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Carbonates 20 Ca 21.98   0.23     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21.1   1.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21             McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 20.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 20.3           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 2.97 2.4       78 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 2.96           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Harzburgites 20 Ca 2.9         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.9           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.9           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.89           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 2.87           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 2.86         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 2.81         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Felsic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 2.8 2.7       379 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 2.8 2.5       224 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 2.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Rift Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.79 2.62 1.65     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Tinguaites 20 Ca 2.77         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Aubres Aubrite 20 Ca 2.769             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 2.75           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Phonolites 20 Ca 2.72         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 2.72           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Java Trench 20 Ca 2.71           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 20 Ca 2.7         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 2.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ademellites 20 Ca 2.68         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Intra Stellar Medium 20 Ca 2.61   0.3915         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.61           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Greywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Allende Meteorite 20 Ca 2.59           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Ryuku Trench 20 Ca 2.57           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.57           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Mantle 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.53   0.253       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53   0.253       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 2004 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 2.48             Workman & Hart 2005 Diatome Ooze 20 Ca 2.48         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cascadia Trench 20 Ca 2.41           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Clastic Turbidites 20 Ca 2.41         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.41 2.52 1     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2.4           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2.4           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Pelites 20 Ca 2.37         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Trachytes 20 Ca 2.34         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Brown Clay 20 Ca 2.31         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kerm Trench 20 Ca 2.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nepheline Syenites 20 Ca 2.31         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 2.31         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 2.31           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.3           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Granites 20 Ca 2.28           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 ALH 77005 Meteorite 20 Ca 2.26   0.23         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 20 Ca 2.18           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Mantle Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.15           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca 2.15 2.2 1.11     374 wt%ox McDonough 1990 Tonga Trench 20 Ca 2.12           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 20 Ca 2.11         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca 2.08           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.07           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 2.06         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Brown Clay 20 Ca 2.02         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Garonne River Particulates 20 Ca 19500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 19.81           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 19.7           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 20 Ca 19.52           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.48           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 20 Ca 19.23         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.12           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Ti 19.1   2.2         McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.04           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 18.77           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 18.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Nano Ooze 20 Ca 18.58         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 18.4           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 ALH 84025 Brachinite 20 Ca 18             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 17.91           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 20 Ca 163.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Amazon River Particulates 20 Ca 16000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Marine Shales 20 Ca 16000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Wedepohl 1969 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 16.8           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Watson IIE Iron 20 Ca 16.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 16.28           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Rivers 20 Ca 150000           ppb Li 1982 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 15.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Marine Organisms 20 Ca 14000           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 14.58   0.903     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 14.2           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Pyroxenites 20 Ca 14.08         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lunar Anothosites 20 Ca 14           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Wood et al. 1970 Philip Trench 20 Ca 13.29           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 20 Ca 13.2     8.6 24 5 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Johnstown Diogenite 20 Ca 13.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 13             Measures & Burton 1978 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.99           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 20 Ca 12.94   0.43     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 20 Ca 12.88           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 12.88           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 20 Ca 12.78   0.24     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 12.53   0.025     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.5           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Anorthosites 20 Ca 12.48         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 12.21           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Type F Aggregates 20 Ca 12.2           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Wark 1979 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.19           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Tongan Basalts 20 Ca 11.99         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lunar Breccias 20 Ca 11.98         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Soil 20 Ca 11.98         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 New Hebrides Islands 20 Ca 11.96         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.95           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Nephelinites 20 Ca 11.89         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 11.85         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lunar Breccias 20 Ca 11.81         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Winonaite Pontlyfni 20 Ca 11.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.75           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 11.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 11.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.68           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 11.61         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 11.6         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 20 Ca 11.54         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Marianas Basalt 20 Ca 11.51         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kermadec Basalts 20 Ca 11.5         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11.48         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 20 Ca 11.46         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Island Arc Andesite 20 Ca 11.44         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.4           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 20 Ca 11.4         2 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Scotia Island Basalt 20 Ca 11.34         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.303   0.8138     26 wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.303           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11.29         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 20 Ca 11.27           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 11.17           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Venus N-MORB 20 Ca 11.16           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 ODP Site 735 20 Ca 11.113 11.125       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 20 Ca 11.11           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Basalts 20 Ca 11.1         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 IAB Landes 20 Ca 11.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 Aleutian Basalts 20 Ca 11.09         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 D'Orbigny Angrite 20 Ca 108             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Seawater 20 Ca 10300             Broeker & Peng 1982 Magdalena River Particulates 20 Ca 10000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 10000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 10.89 10.9       269 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lesser Antilles Basalt 20 Ca 10.79         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Luzon Basalt 20 Ca 10.75         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.73         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 10.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 10.66         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 E-MORB 20 Ca 10.59           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 10.53         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Nakhla Meteorite 20 Ca 10.5   0.5         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Central American Basalts 20 Ca 10.49         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.45         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.45         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 10.41   0.275     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Tholeiites 20 Ca 10.36         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 20 Ca 10.34           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 Basalts 20 Ca 10.3         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Seawater 20 Ca 10.3             Bruland 1983 Solid Mars 20 Ca 10.3   0.7       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Venera 14 Rocks 20 Ca 10.3   1.2       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.28         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 10.24           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 20 Ca 10.2           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Seawater 20 Ca 10.2             Bowers & Taylor 1985 Basanites 20 Ca 10.19         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 20 Ca 10.15         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 20 Ca 10.1         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Continental Arcs 20 Ca 10.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Rifted Continental Margins 20 Ca 10.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Basalts 20 Ca 10           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 10         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 10         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 10             Measures & Burton 1978 Seawater 20 Ca 10             von Glasow & Crutzen 2004 Andrews et al. 1996 Arenaceous Rocks 20 Ca 1.98         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Antilles Trench 20 Ca 1.95           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Earth 20 Ca 1.9           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Australian Granite 20 Ca 1.88         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Granites 20 Ca 1.84         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Interlayered Clay & Chert 20 Ca 1.84         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lujavrites 20 Ca 1.79         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.75 1.55 1.32     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Granites 20 Ca 1.74         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Mexico Trench 20 Ca 1.73           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith 20 Ca 1.69           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.607           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 1.59           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 1.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 DSDP/ODP Site 801 20 Ca 1.56           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.5           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.5         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.46 1.19 0.93     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Granites 20 Ca 1.46         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 20 Ca 1.43         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 1.4   0.4     6 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Silty Mud 20 Ca 1.4         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 1.38           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.36 1.1 0.92     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Sandstones 20 Ca 1.31           wt%ox Condie 1993 ALH 84001 Meteorite 20 Ca 1.3   0.27         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Eucrites 20 Ca 1.3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 H Ordinary Chondrites 20 Ca 1.3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Kenna Ureilite 20 Ca 1.3   0.1       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Shales 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 1.29           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.29         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.29         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.28 1.17 0.49     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al 1.28 1.35 1.6     374   McDonough 1990 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.25 1.24 0.25     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 1.234           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.18           wt%ox Condie 1993 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 1.1   0.2     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.1   0.08         McDonough & Sun 1995 Novo-Urei Ureilite 20 Ca 1.1   0.2       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 20 Ca 1.1 0.82 0.75     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.08   0.04         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.076             McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.07   0.06         McDonough & Sun 1995 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 1.07         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al 1.07   0.001         Allegre et al. 1995 Diatom Oozes & Clay 20 Ca 1.06         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Sandwich Trench 20 Ca 1.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 1.05           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Arenaceous Rocks 20 Ca 1.02         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Dunites 20 Ca 1.01         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Core 20 Ca 0           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 20 Ca 0           wt% McDonough 1998 Zeolite Clay 20 Ca 0.95         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.94             Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 0.94         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.93           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.925           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.92           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.91             Walter 2004 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.9           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 20 Ca 0.89 0.89 0.48     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   Ca/Al 0.88 0.82 0.66     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Xenolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.88             Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 0.82           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Periodotite Massifs   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.8           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Depleted D-MORB basalts   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Low Si-Mg Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.78           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 South African Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 0.77           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 0.76   0.12     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.76           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 N-MORB   CaO/Al2O3 0.75             Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Shallowater Aubrite 20 Ca 0.739             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Diatome Clay 20 Ca 0.73         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 20 Ca 0.71   0.16       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Shales 20 Ca 0.71           wt%ox Condie 1993 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.7         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Cratonic Xenoliths 20 Ca 0.7 0.49 0.72     232   Pearson et al. 2004 South Antilles Trench 20 Ca 0.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 20 Ca 0.65           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kuriles Trench 20 Ca 0.65           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Shales 20 Ca 0.64           wt%ox Condie 1993 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.61           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Goalpara Ureilite 20 Ca 0.58   0.08       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 0.57         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.57         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.55           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 20 Ca 0.55         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.51           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Chassigny Meteorite 20 Ca 0.47   0.07         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Kamchatka Trench 20 Ca 0.46           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 20 Ca 0.45           wt%ox Condie 1993 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 0.41   0.38     8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.4         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Chert 20 Ca 0.36         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 0.34             Workman & Hart 2005 Chert 20 Ca 0.32         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 20 Ca 0.3           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 0.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.2           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Sandstones 20 Ca 0.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.16   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156             McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156   0.006         McDonough & Sun 1995 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.15         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.143   0.014         McDonough & Sun 1995 Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.125             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca 0.11           wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.09           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 CM Chondrites 20 Ca 0.07             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.061             Bradley 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.052             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Depleted MORB Mantle Olivine 20 Ca 0.05           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 L Ordinary Chondrites 20 Ca 0.05             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.047             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 CM Chondrites 20 Ca 0.029             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.021             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.011             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977